*** V52.2: Data release: Aug 22 2022 ***
On this page you can download a merged dataset consisting of genotypes for thousands of ancient and present-day individuals at up to 1.23 million positions in the genome (in hg19 coordinates).
The aim of Allen Ancient DNA Resource (AADR) is to provide a uniformly curated dataset that can be useful for scientists interested in carrying out analyses of population history and natural selection.
The genotypes in the AADR are not always a perfect match to those from the associated published papers. This is because to make it easier to coanalyse datasets we have started from bam or fastq files, trimmed the ends of sequences to reduce errors due to ancient DNA damage in a way that is largely uniform across datasets, which may be slightly different from that used in the individual publications, and determined genotypes anew by sampling a random sequence to cover each position.
Researchers who wish to use this compilation as the basis of their publications should cite this website and release version (e.g. "Allen Ancient DNA Resource https://reich.hms.harvard.edu/allen-ancient-dna-resource-aadr-downloadable-genotypes-present-day-and-ancient-dna-data", version 52.2), while also citing the individual papers that report the data for each of the individuals they analyze (all references for the source data are listed below).
Going forward, we expect to be updating this resource every couple of months to keep it maximally useful to the community. Please let us know if you have recommendations for improvements or identify errors or other issues.
We thank the Paul G. Allen Foundation, the John Templeton Foundation, a grant from the U.S. National Institutes of Health, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, for providing the resources needed to create and update this dataset.
Updated in this release:
• new published samples (see References),
• mitogenomes (for most samples generated here).
All data released here:
(a) have already been published (some by our group and some by other groups - see full list of references below),
(b) have permissions appropriate for fully public data release,
(c) have data reported for a set of 1,233,013 sites in the genome (or 597,573 sites for present-day individuals genotyped on the Affymetrix Human Origins array). For most individuals, genetic data are represented by randomly sampled sequences at positions covered by at least one sequence.
There are two datasets:
"1240K" : Ancient and present-day individuals (from either shotgun sequencing data or in-solution target capture, with a range of coverages) at 1,233,013 sites,
"1240K+HO": Data from the above set merged with present-day individuals typed on the Human Origins array with 597,573 sites.
Each dataset consists of four files, in eigenstrat format. For details, please see: eigensoft:
.anno: Rich meta-information for each individual.
.ind : Three columns: Individual ID, sex determination, and group label (population).
.snp : Information on each analyzed SNP position (SNP id, physical/genetic location and reference/variant alleles, where the reference allele matches hg19).
.geno: Genotypes (see note 2 below)
Version v52.2
| Description |
.anno |
.ind |
.snp |
.geno |
Tarball all files |
Notes |
| 1240k |
link
(5.9 Mb) |
link
(524 Kb) |
link
(75 Mb) |
link
(3.7 Gb) |
link
(3.8 Gb) |
12651 unique individuals
(8755 ancient, 3896 present-day)1 |
| 1240K+HO |
link
(7.0 Mb) |
link
(666 Kb) |
link
(36 Mb) |
link
(2.4 Gb) |
link
(2.4 Gb) |
16765 unique individuals
(8755 ancient, 8010 present-day)1 |
1: includes one ancestral reference, and three present-day references: human, chimp, gorilla.
2: genotypes are in a binary form using the 'packedancestrymap' format described in in eigensoft; this may be converted to a (large) text file (i.e. 'eigenstrat' format, using the software 'convertf').
3: md5sums are available: here. These may be used to verify that files which are downloaded match this distribution, using the linux command: 'md5sum < file >'.
Please note: The unique individual identifier is given in the 'Master ID' field. Multiple representatives of the same individual are thus indicated by a duplicated master ID. Some individuals are represented more than once to reflect different versions of processing or different publications. This may happen for example, when increased coverage has been generated after an initial publication. For many analyses it may be necessary to select only one version: for example the single sample Loschbour (master ID=I0001) is represented by two Version IDs, 'Loschbour_snpAD.DG' and 'Loschbour_published.DG'. It would be incorrect to consider these as two samples from the same population. If it is not important which version is used, we suggest choosing the master ID which has the highest number of SNPs hit on autosomal targets.
In addition, mitogenomes for samples generated at the Reich Lab are available here.
We would be grateful if users of this dataset could alert us to any errors they detect and help us to fill in missing data. This could include: (1) errors or missing information for location, latitude, longitude, archaeological context, date, and group label, (2) concerns about Y chromosome or mitochondrial DNA haplogroup determinations, and (3) evidence for other problems in the data or annotations for individuals. Please write to Swapan 'Shop' Mallick and David Reich with any suggestions.
We would also be grateful if members of the community could suggest additional content that would be helpful to add to this page to make it maximally useful. Finally, please let us know if there are any published ancient or modern DNA datasets that are not included in this compendium and that should be. The following datasets are already processed for inclusion in the next release which will be v53. However, if you write to us to let us know of any missing datasets not on this list we will make a special effort to include them. Datasets already in queue for inclusion: VyasAJPA2017/VyasDryadDigitalRepository2017, BiaginiEJHG2019, ChangmaiPLoSGenetics2022, LindoFigueiroPNASNexus2022, SpyrouNature2022, MarotiTorokCurrBio2022, AneliPaganiMolBioEvol2022, SrigyanValdioseraCommBio2022, DeAngelisRickardsGenes2022, ScorranoMacciardiSciRep2022, RivollatDeguillouxPNAS2022, ChildebayevaHaakMolBioEvo2022, MarchExcoffierCell2022.
Terminology and abbreviations used:
HG=hunter-gatherer, N=Neolithic, C=Chalcolithic/CopperAge, BA=BronzeAge, IA=IronAge
E=Early, M=Middle, L=Late, A=Antiquity
SG=samples with whole genome shotgun sequence data, randomly drawing a single read to represent each position in the genome
DG=samples shotgun sequenced with high enough coverage to call diploid genotypes, allowing for heterozygous calls
SDG=Sanger dipoid genotypes
WGC=Whole genome capture
WGA=Whole genome amplified
Individuals marked as 'Ignore_' or 'outlier' have been identified as ones which may be filtered out from primary analyses for various reasons, such as being outliers from their main clusters or close relatives of others from the same group.
UDG treatments:
Various UDG protocols are available to researchers, indicated in field 'Library type'.
• UDG-minus means that no UDG treatment is used. The typical deamination profile that results is then high towards the ends of the molecules and drops off slowly as one moves 5-10 bases towards the centre of the molecule; deamination still occurs throughout the molecule.
• UDG-plus means that UDG is used. With this, molecules are cleaved where a uracil exists prior to sequencing. This means that deamination (generally) does not exist (there are some situations where UDG treatment fails, for example at methylated sites).
• UDG-half is a specialised form of UDG treatment, where uracils are not completely removed, and left at the first one or two bases. The profile of deamination is then very high at the first base, drops fast and by the third base is very low. This continues throughout the molecule, until one or two bases at the other end. This is useful in that molecules which are clearly ancient from the deamination signature may be identified (using tools such as MapDamage, or pmdtools), but the number of bases which are 'damaged' and typically have to be removed prior to analysis is low - just one or two bases, whereas with UDG-minus, typically, five or even ten bases should be removed. Given how short ancient DNA molecules can be compared with modern DNA, because of degradation, losing five or ten bases can be a considerable loss of data for some samples (in the dataset provided here, we almost always ignore data derives from sites 1-2 nucleotides from either end for UDG-half, and 5-10 nucleotides from either end for UDG-minus).
• mixed treatments, eg:UDG-plus,half: For each sample, a number of libraries may be constructed, and of course different UDG treatments can be used for different libraries. The different libraries are useful because they capture different molecules and thus increase data quality for the individual. When these libraries are combined into a single bam (or aligned dataset) for an individual sample, these can be annotated according to the separate treatments, eg: "plus,half".
Update history:
[Thu Aug 22 22:46:15 EDT 2022]: V52.2 release
[Mon Aug 1 02:01:40 EDT 2022]: V50.0.p1 release (minor patch release)
[Sun Oct 10 02:13:04 EDT 2021]: V50.0 release
[Wed Jan 20 22:51:34 EST 2021]: V44.3 release
[Wed Jun 24 16:14:09 EDT 2020]: md5sums added
[Sun Mar 1 10:32:12 EDT 2020]: data release
[Sat Feb 29 15:44:38 EST 2020]: V42.4 update
[Tue Apr 2 18:07:09 EDT 2019]: edits
[Mon Apr 1 22:15:31 EDT 2019]: website integration edits
[Thu Mar 28 23:33:13 EDT 2019]: V37.2 minor edits.
[Tue Mar 26 11:59:31 EDT 2019]: V37.2 minor edits.
[Mon Mar 25 16:26:10 EDT 2019]: V37.2 tidy .anno.
[Fri Feb 22 12:25:37 EST 2019]: V37.2 new release.
Previous versions:
V50.0.p1: released Aug 1 2022
V50.0: released Oct 2021
V44.3: released Jan 2021
V42.4: released Mar 2020
V37.2: released Feb 2019
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African evolutionary history inferred from whole genome sequence data of 44 indigenous African populations.
Fan S, Kelly DE, Beltrame MH, Hansen MEB, Mallick S, Ranciaro A, Hirbo J, Thompson S, Beggs W, Nyambo T, Omar SA, Meskel DW, Belay G, Froment A, Patterson N, Reich D, Tishkoff SA. Genome Biol. 2019 Apr 26;20(1):82. doi: 10.1186/s13059-019-1679-2. Erratum in: Genome Biol. 2019 Oct 9;20(1):204. PMID: 31023338; PMCID: PMC6485071.
[FeldmanNatureCommunications2019]:
Late Pleistocene human genome suggests a local origin for the first farmers of central Anatolia.
Feldman M, Fernández-Domínguez E, Reynolds L, Baird D, Pearson J, Hershkovitz I, May H, Goring-Morris N, Benz M, Gresky J, Bianco RA, Fairbairn A, Mustafaolu G, Stockhammer PW, Posth C, Haak W, Jeong C, Krause J. Nat Commun. 2019 Mar 19;10(1):1218. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-09209-7. PMID: 30890703.
[FeldmanScienceAdvances2019]:
Ancient DNA sheds light on the genetic origins of early Iron Age Philistines.
Feldman M, Master DM, Bianco RA, Burri M, Stockhammer PW, Mittnik A, Aja AJ, Jeong C, Krause J.
Sci Adv. 2019 Jul 3;5(7):eaax0061. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aax0061. eCollection 2019 Jul.
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[FernandesNatureEcologyEvolution2020]:
The spread of steppe and Iranian-related ancestry in the islands of the western Mediterranean.
Fernandes DM, Mittnik A, Olalde I, Lazaridis I, Cheronet O, Rohland N, Mallick S, Bernardos R, Broomandkhoshbacht N, Carlsson J, Culleton BJ, Ferry M, Gamarra B, Lari M, Mah M, Michel M, Modi A, Novak M, Oppenheimer J, Sirak KA, Stewardson K, Mandl K, Schattke C, Özdoğan KT, Lucci M, Gasperetti G, Candilio F, Salis G, Vai S, Camarós E, Calò C, Catalano G, Cueto M, Forgia V, Lozano M, Marini E, Micheletti M, Miccichè RM, Palombo MR, Ramis D, Schimmenti V, Sureda P, Teira L, Teschler-Nicola M, Kennett DJ, Lalueza-Fox C, Patterson N, Sineo L, Coppa A, Caramelli D, Pinhasi R, Reich D. Nat Ecol Evol. 2020 Mar;4(3):334-345. doi: 10.1038/s41559-020-1102-0. Epub 2020 Feb 24. Erratum in: Nat Ecol Evol. 2020 May;4(5):764. PMID: 32094539; PMCID: PMC7080320.
[FernandesSirakNature2020]:
A genetic history of the pre-contact Caribbean.
Fernandes DM, Sirak KA, Ringbauer H, Sedig J, Rohland N, Cheronet O, Mah M, Mallick S, Olalde I, Culleton BJ, Adamski N, Bernardos R, Bravo G, Broomandkhoshbacht N, Callan K, Candilio F, Demetz L, Carlson KSD, Eccles L, Freilich S, George RJ, Lawson AM, Mandl K, Marzaioli F, McCool WC, Oppenheimer J, Özdogan KT, Schattke C, Schmidt R, Stewardson K, Terrasi F, Zalzala F, Antúnez CA, Canosa EV, Colten R, Cucina A, Genchi F, Kraan C, La Pastina F, Lucci M, Maggiolo MV, Marcheco-Teruel B, Maria CT, Martínez C, París I, Pateman M, Simms TM, Sivoli CG, Vilar M, Kennett DJ, Keegan WF, Coppa A, Lipson M, Pinhasi R, Reich D. Nature. 2020 Dec 23. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-03053-2. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33361817.
[FowlerOlaldeNature2021]:
A high-resolution picture of kinship practices in an Early Neolithic tomb..
Fowler C, Olalde I, Cummings V, Armit I, Büster L, Cuthbert S, Rohland N, Cheronet O, Pinhasi R, Reich D. Nature. 2022 Jan;601(7894):584-587. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-04241-4. Epub 2021 Dec 22. PMID: 34937939; PMCID: PMC8896835.
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Reconstructing genetic histories and social organisation in Neolithic and Bronze Age Croatia. .
Freilich S, Ringbauer H, Los D, Novak M, Pavičić DT, Schiffels S, Pinhasi R. Sci Rep. 2021 Aug 18;11(1):16729. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-94932-9. PMID: 34408163; PMCID: PMC8373892.
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Genomic insights into the origin and diversification of late maritime hunter-gatherers from the Chilean Patagonia.
De la Fuente C, Ávila-Arcos MC, Galimany J, Carpenter ML, Homburger JR, Blanco A, Contreras P, Cruz Dávalos D, Reyes O, San Roman M, Moreno-Estrada A, Campos PF, Eng C, Huntsman S, Burchard EG, Malaspinas AS, Bustamante CD, Willerslev E, Llop E, Verdugo RA, Moraga M. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Apr 24;115(17):E4006-E4012. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1715688115. Epub 2018 Apr 9. PubMed PMID: 29632188; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5924884.
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A genomic Neolithic time transect of hunter-farmer admixture in central Poland.
Fernandes DM, Strapagiel D, Borówka P, Marciniak B, Żądzińska E, Sirak K, Siska V, Grygiel R, Carlsson J, Manica A, Lorkiewicz W, Pinhasi R.
Sci Rep. 2018 Oct 5;8(1):14879. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33067-w.
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Palaeo-Eskimo genetic ancestry and the peopling of Chukotka and North America.
Flegontov P, Altinisik NE, Changmai P, Rohland N, Mallick S, Adamski N, Bolnick DA, Broomandkhoshbacht N, Candilio F, Culleton BJ, Flegontova O, Friesen TM, Jeong C, Harper TK, Keating D, Kennett DJ, Kim AM, Lamnidis TC, Lawson AM, Olalde I, Oppenheimer J, Potter BA, Raff J, Sattler RA, Skoglund P, Stewardson K, Vajda EJ, Vasilyev S, Veselovskaya E, Hayes MG, O'Rourke DH, Krause J, Pinhasi R, Reich D, Schiffels S. Nature. 2019 Jun;570(7760):236-240. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1251-y. Epub 2019 Jun 5. PMID: 31168094.
[FregelPNAS2018]:
Ancient genomes from North Africa evidence prehistoric migrations to the Maghreb from both the Levant and Europe.
Fregel R, Méndez FL, Bokbot Y, Martín-Socas D, Camalich-Massieu MD, Santana J, Morales J, Ávila-Arcos MC, Underhill PA, Shapiro B, Wojcik G, Rasmussen M, Soares AER, Kapp J, Sockell A, Rodríguez-Santos FJ, Mikdad A, Trujillo-Mederos A, Bustamante CD. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Jun 26;115(26):6774-6779. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1800851115. Epub 2018 Jun 12. Erratum in: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Jul 24;115(30):E7231. PubMed PMID: 29895688; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6042094.
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A revised timescale for human evolution based on ancient mitochondrial genomes.
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Genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western Siberia.
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An early modern human from Romania with a recent Neanderthal ancestor.
Fu Q, Hajdinjak M, Moldovan OT, Constantin S, Mallick S, Skoglund P, Patterson N, Rohland N, Lazaridis I, Nickel B, Viola B, Prüfer K, Meyer M, Kelso J, Reich D, Pääbo S.
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The genetic history of Ice Age Europe.
Fu Q, Posth C, Hajdinjak M, Petr M, Mallick S, Fernandes D, Furtwängler A, Haak W, Meyer M, Mittnik A, Nickel B, Peltzer A, Rohland N, Slon V, Talamo S, Lazaridis I, Lipson M, Mathieson I, Schiffels S, Skoglund P, Derevianko AP, Drozdov N, Slavinsky V, Tsybankov A, Cremonesi RG, Mallegni F, Gély B, Vacca E, Morales MR, Straus LG, Neugebauer-Maresch C, Teschler-Nicola M, Constantin S, Moldovan OT, Benazzi S, Peresani M, Coppola D, Lari M, Ricci S, Ronchitelli A, Valentin F, Thevenet C, Wehrberger K, Grigorescu D, Rougier H, Crevecoeur I, Flas D, Semal P, Mannino MA, Cupillard C, Bocherens H, Conard NJ, Harvati K, Moiseyev V, Drucker DG, Svoboda J, Richards MP, Caramelli D, Pinhasi R, Kelso J, Patterson N, Krause J, Pääbo S, Reich D.
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Comparison of target enrichment strategies for ancient pathogen DNA.
Furtwängler A, Neukamm J, Böhme L, Reiter E, Vollstedt M, Arora N, Singh P, Cole ST, Knauf S, Calvignac-Spencer S, Krause-Kyora B, Krause J, Schuenemann VJ, Herbig A. Biotechniques. 2020 Dec;69(6):455-459. doi: 10.2144/btn-2020-0100. Epub 2020 Nov 2. PMID: 33135465.
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Genome flux and stasis in a five millennium transect of European prehistory.
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Differential DNA methylation of vocal and facial anatomy genes in modern humans.
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Paleogenomic Evidence for Multi-generational Mixing between Neolithic Farmers and Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherers in the Lower Danube Basin.
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A western route of prehistoric human migration from Africa into the Iberian Peninsula.
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Population genomics of Mesolithic Scandinavia: Investigating early postglacial migration routes and high-latitude adaptation.
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Ancient genomes link early farmers from Atapuerca in Spain to modern-day Basques.
Günther T, Valdiosera C, Malmström H, Ureña I, Rodriguez-Varela R, Sverrisdóttir ÓO, Daskalaki EA, Skoglund P, Naidoo T, Svensson EM, Bermúdez de Castro JM, Carbonell E, Dunn M, Storå J, Iriarte E, Arsuaga JL, Carretero JM, Götherström A, Jakobsson M.
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Continuity and Admixture in the Last Five Millennia of Levantine History from Ancient Canaanite and Present-Day Lebanese Genome Sequences.
Haber M, Doumet-Serhal C, Scheib C, Xue Y, Danecek P, Mezzavilla M, Youhanna S, Martiniano R, Prado-Martinez J, Szpak M, Matisoo-Smith E, Schutkowski H, Mikulski R, Zalloua P, Kivisild T, Tyler-Smith C. Am J Hum Genet. 2017 Aug 3;101(2):274-282. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.06.013. Epub 2017 Jul 27. PubMed PMID: 28757201; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5544389.
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A Transient Pulse of Genetic Admixture from the Crusaders in the Near East Identified from Ancient Genome Sequences.
Haber M, Doumet-Serhal C, Scheib CL, Xue Y, Mikulski R, Martiniano R, Fischer-Genz B, Schutkowski H, Kivisild T, Tyler-Smith C.
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A Genetic History of the Near East from an aDNA Time Course Sampling Eight Points in the Past 4,000 Years.
Haber M, Nassar J, Almarri MA, Saupe T, Saag L, Griffith SJ, Doumet-Serhal C, Chanteau J, Saghieh-Beydoun M, Xue Y, Scheib CL, Tyler-Smith C. Am J Hum Genet. 2020 Jul 2;107(1):149-157. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.05.008. Epub 2020 May 28. PMID: 32470374; PMCID: PMC7332655.
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Reconstructing the genetic history of late Neanderthals.
Hajdinjak M, Fu Q, Hübner A, Petr M, Mafessoni F, Grote S, Skoglund P, Narasimham V, Rougier H, Crevecoeur I, Semal P, Soressi M, Talamo S, Hublin JJ, Gušić I, Kućan Ž, Rudan P, Golovanova LV, Doronichev VB, Posth C, Krause J, Korlević P, Nagel S, Nickel B, Slatkin M, Patterson N, Reich D, Prüfer K, Meyer M, Pääbo S, Kelso J.
Nature. 2018 Mar 29;555(7698):652-656. doi: 10.1038/nature26151. Epub 2018 Mar 21.
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Initial Upper Palaeolithic humans in Europe had recent Neanderthal ancestry. .
Hajdinjak M, Mafessoni F, Skov L, Vernot B, Hübner A, Fu Q, Essel E, Nagel S, Nickel B, Richter J, Moldovan OT, Constantin S, Endarova E, Zahariev N, Spasov R, Welker F, Smith GM, Sinet-Mathiot V, Paskulin L, Fewlass H, Talamo S, Rezek Z, Sirakova S, Sirakov N, McPherron SP, Tsanova T, Hublin JJ, Peter BM, Meyer M, Skoglund P, Kelso J, Pääbo S. Nature. 2021 Apr;592(7853):253-257. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03335-3. Epub 2021 Apr 7. PMID: 33828320; PMCID: PMC8026394.
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A minimally destructive protocol for DNA extraction from ancient teeth.
Harney É, Cheronet O, Fernandes DM, Sirak K, Mah M, Bernardos R, Adamski N, Broomandkhoshbacht N, Callan K, Lawson AM, Oppenheimer J, Stewardson K, Zalzala F, Anders A, Candilio F, Constantinescu M, Coppa A, Ciobanu I, Dani J, Gallina Z, Genchi F, Nagy EG, Hajdu T, Hellebrandt M, Horváth A, Király Á, Kiss K, Kolozsi B, Kovács P, Köhler K, Lucci M, Pap I, Popovici S, Raczky P, Simalcsik A, Szeniczey T, Vasilyev S, Virag C, Rohland N, Reich D, Pinhasi R. A minimally destructive protocol for DNA extraction from ancient teeth. Genome Res. 2021 Mar;31(3):472-483. doi: 10.1101/gr.267534.120. Epub 2021 Feb 12. PMID: 33579752; PMCID: PMC7919446.
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Ancient DNA from Chalcolithic Israel reveals the role of population mixture in cultural transformation.
Harney É, May H, Shalem D, Rohland N, Mallick S, Lazaridis I, Sarig R, Stewardson K, Nordenfelt S, Patterson N, Hershkovitz I, Reich D.
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Ancient DNA from the skeletons of Roopkund Lake reveals Mediterranean migrants in India.
Harney É, Nayak A, Patterson N, Joglekar P, Mushrif-Tripathy V, Mallick S, Rohland N, Sedig J, Adamski N, Bernardos R, Broomandkhoshbacht N, Culleton BJ, Ferry M, Harper TK, Michel M, Oppenheimer J, Stewardson K, Zhang Z, Harashawaradhana, Bartwal MS, Kumar S, Diyundi SC, Roberts P, Boivin N, Kennett DJ, Thangaraj K, Reich D, Rai N.
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[HofmanovaPNAS2016]:
Early farmers from across Europe directly descended from Neolithic Aegeans.
Hofmanová Z, Kreutzer S, Hellenthal G, Sell C, Diekmann Y, Díez-Del-Molino D, van Dorp L, López S, Kousathanas A, Link V, Kirsanow K, Cassidy LM, Martiniano R, Strobel M, Scheu A, Kotsakis K, Halstead P, Triantaphyllou S, Kyparissi-Apostolika N, Urem-Kotsou D, Ziota C, Adaktylou F, Gopalan S, Bobo DM, Winkelbach L, Blöcher J, Unterländer M, Leuenberger C, Çilingiroğlu Ç, Horejs B, Gerritsen F, Shennan SJ, Bradley DG, Currat M, Veeramah KR, Wegmann D, Thomas MG, Papageorgopoulou C, Burger J.
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Turkey during the 2nd millennium BC: Integration of isotopic and genomic evidence..
Ingman T, Eisenmann S, Skourtanioti E, Akar M, Ilgner J, Gnecchi Ruscone GA, le Roux P, Shafiq R, Neumann GU, Keller M, Freund C, Marzo S, Lucas M, Krause J, Roberts P, Yener KA, Stockhammer PW. Human mobility at Tell Atchana (Alalakh), Hatay, PLoS One. 2021 Jun 30;16(6):e0241883. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241883. PMID: 34191795; PMCID: PMC8244877.
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Shifts in the Genetic Landscape of the Western Eurasian Steppe Associated with the Beginning and End of the Scythian Dominance.
Järve M, Saag L, Scheib CL, Pathak AK, Montinaro F, Pagani L, Flores R, Guellil M, Saag L, Tambets K, Kushniarevich A, Solnik A, Varul L, Zadnikov S, Petrauskas O, Avramenko M, Magomedov B, Didenko S, Toshev G, Bruyako I, Grechko D, Okatenko V, Gorbenko K, Smyrnov O, Heiko A, Reida R, Sapiehin S, Sirotin S, Tairov A, Beisenov A, Starodubtsev M, Vasilev V, Nechvaloda A, Atabiev B, Litvinov S, Ekomasova N, Dzhaubermezov M, Voroniatov S, Utevska O, Shramko I, Khusnutdinova E, Metspalu M, Savelev N, Kriiska A, Kivisild T, Villems R. Curr Biol. 2019 Jul 22;29(14):2430-2441.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.019. Epub 2019 Jul 11. PMID: 31303491.
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A 5700 year-old human genome and oral microbiome from chewed birch pitch. .
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A Dynamic 6,000-Year Genetic History of Eurasia's Eastern Steppe.
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[JeongNatureEcologyEvolution2019]:
The genetic history of admixture across inner Eurasia.
Jeong C, Balanovsky O, Lukianova E, Kahbatkyzy N, Flegontov P, Zaporozhchenko V, Immel A, Wang CC, Ixan O, Khussainova E, Bekmanov B, Zaibert V, Lavryashina M, Pocheshkhova E, Yusupov Y, Agdzhoyan A, Koshel S, Bukin A, Nymadawa P, Turdikulova S, Dalimova D, Churnosov M, Skhalyakho R, Daragan D, Bogunov Y, Bogunova A, Shtrunov A, Dubova N, Zhabagin M, Yepiskoposyan L, Churakov V, Pislegin N, Damba L, Saroyants L, Dibirova K, Atramentova L, Utevska O, Idrisov E, Kamenshchikova E, Evseeva I, Metspalu M, Outram AK, Robbeets M, Djansugurova L, Balanovska E, Schiffels S, Haak W, Reich D, Krause J.
Nat Ecol Evol. 2019 Jun;3(6):966-976. doi: 10.1038/s41559-019-0878-2. Epub 2019 Apr 29.
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Long-term genetic stability and a high-altitude East Asian origin for the peoples of the high valleys of the Himalayan arc.
Jeong C, Ozga AT, Witonsky DB, Malmström H, Edlund H, Hofman CA, Hagan RW, Jakobsson M, Lewis CM, Aldenderfer MS, Di Rienzo A, Warinner C.
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Bronze Age population dynamics and the rise of dairy pastoralism on the eastern Eurasian steppe.
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Upper Palaeolithic genomes reveal deep roots of modern Eurasians.
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The population genomics of archaeological transition in west Iberia: Investigation of ancient substructure using imputation and haplotype-based methods.
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Nature. 2015 Dec 24;528(7583):499-503. doi: 10.1038/nature16152. Epub 2015 Nov 23.
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The genomic history of southeastern Europe.
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Nature. 2018 Mar 8;555(7695):197-203. doi: 10.1038/nature25778. Epub 2018 Feb 21.
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The genetic prehistory of the Baltic Sea region.
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Genomic analysis of Andamanese provides insights into ancient human migration into Asia and adaptation.
Mondal M, Casals F, Xu T, Dall'Olio GM, Pybus M, Netea MG, Comas D, Laayouni H, Li Q, Majumder PP, Bertranpetit J.
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Terminal Pleistocene Alaskan genome reveals first founding population of Native Americans.
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Genomic insights into the early peopling of the Caribbean.
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Ancient genomes in South Patagonia reveal population movements associated with technological shifts and geography.
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A Paleogenomic Reconstruction of the Deep Population History of the Andes.
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The formation of human populations in South and Central Asia.
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Ancient DNA Reconstructs the Genetic Legacies of Precontact Puerto Rico Communities.
Nieves-Colón MA, Pestle WJ, Reynolds AW, Llamas B, de la Fuente C, Fowler K, Skerry KM, Crespo-Torres E, Bustamante CD, Stone AC. Mol Biol Evol. 2020 Mar 1;37(3):611-626. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msz267. PMID: 31710665.
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Interactions between earliest Linearbandkeramik farmers and central European hunter gatherers at the dawn of European Neolithization.
Nikitin AG, Stadler P, Kotova N, Teschler-Nicola M, Price TD, Hoover J, Kennett DJ, Lazaridis I, Rohland N, Lipson M, Reich D. Sci Rep. 2019 Dec 20;9(1):19544. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56029-2. PMID: 31863024.
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Ancient Genomes Reveal Yamnaya-Related Ancestry and a Potential Source of Indo-European Speakers in Iron Age Tianshan.
Ning C, Wang CC, Gao S, Yang Y, Zhang X, Wu X, Zhang F, Nie Z, Tang Y, Robbeets M, Ma J, Krause J, Cui Y. Curr Biol. 2019 Aug 5;29(15):2526-2532.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.044. Epub 2019 Jul 25. PMID: 31353181.
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Ancient genomes from northern China suggest links between subsistence changes and human migration.
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Genome-wide analysis of nearly all the victims of a 6200 year old massacre.
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A Common Genetic Origin for Early Farmers from Mediterranean Cardial and Central European LBK Cultures.
Olalde I, Schroeder H, Sandoval-Velasco M, Vinner L, Lobón I, Ramirez O, Civit S, García Borja P, Salazar-García DC, Talamo S, María Fullola J, Xavier Oms F, Pedro M, Martínez P, Sanz M, Daura J, Zilhão J, Marquès-Bonet T, Gilbert MT, Lalueza-Fox C.
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Nature. 2014 Mar 13;507(7491):225-8. doi: 10.1038/nature12960. Epub 2014 Jan 26.
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The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe.
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Nature. 2018 Mar 8;555(7695):190-196. doi: 10.1038/nature25738. Epub 2018 Feb 21. Erratum in: Nature. 2018 Mar 21;555(7697):543.
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[OlaldeScience2019]:
The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years.
Output encoded/decoded text
Olalde I, Mallick S, Patterson N, Rohland N, Villalba-Mouco V, Silva M, Dulias K, Edwards CJ, Gandini F, Pala M, Soares P, Ferrando-Bernal M, Adamski N, Broomandkhoshbacht N, Cheronet O, Culleton BJ, Fernandes D, Lawson AM, Mah M, Oppenheimer J, Stewardson K, Zhang Z, Jiménez Arenas JM, Toro Moyano IJ, Salazar-García DC, Castanyer P, Santos M, Tremoleda J, Lozano M, García Borja P, Fernández-Eraso J, Mujika-Alustiza JA, Barroso C, Bermúdez FJ, Viguera Mínguez E, Burch J, Coromina N, Vivó D, Cebrià A, Fullola JM, García-Puchol O, Morales JI, Oms FX, Majó T, Vergès JM, Díaz-Carvajal A, Ollich-Castanyer I, López-Cachero FJ, Silva AM, Alonso-Fernández C, Delibes de Castro G, Jiménez Echevarría J, Moreno-Márquez A, Pascual Berlanga G, Ramos-García P, Ramos-Muñoz J, Vijande Vila E, Aguilella Arzo G, Esparza Arroyo Á, Lillios KT, Mack J, Velasco-Vázquez J, Waterman A, Benítez de Lugo Enrich L, Benito Sánchez M, Agustí B, Codina F, de Prado G, Estalrrich A, Fernández Flores Á, Finlayson C, Finlayson G, Finlayson S, Giles-Guzmán F, Rosas A, Barciela González V, García Atiénzar G, Hernández Pérez MS, Llanos A, Carrión Marco Y, Collado Beneyto I, López-Serrano D, Sanz Tormo M, Valera AC, Blasco C, Liesau C, Ríos P, Daura J, de Pedro Michó MJ, Diez-Castillo AA, Flores Fernández R, Francès Farré J, Garrido-Pena R, Gonçalves VS, Guerra-Doce E, Herrero-Corral AM, Juan-Cabanilles J, López-Reyes D, McClure SB, Merino Pérez M, Oliver Foix A, Sanz Borràs M, Sousa AC, Vidal Encinas JM, Kennett DJ, Richards MB, Werner Alt K, Haak W, Pinhasi R, Lalueza-Fox C, Reich D.
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Genomic Evidence Establishes Anatolia as the Source of the European Neolithic Gene Pool.
Omrak A, Günther T, Valdiosera C, Svensson EM, Malmström H, Kiesewetter H, Aylward W, Storå J, Jakobsson M, Götherström A.
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Dynamic changes in genomic and social structures in third millennium BCE central Europe.
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Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age.
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POPULATION GENETICS. Genomic evidence for the Pleistocene and recent population history of Native Americans.
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Genomic Analyses of Pre-European Conquest Human Remains from the Canary Islands Reveal Close Affinity to Modern North Africans.
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Ancient genome-wide DNA from France highlights the complexity of interactions between Mesolithic hunter-gatherers and Neolithic farmers.
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Ancient genomes reveal origin and rapid trans-Eurasian migration of 7th century Avar elites.
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Extensive Farming in Estonia Started through a Sex-Biased Migration from the Steppe. Saag L, Varul L, Scheib CL, Stenderup J, Allentoft ME, Saag L, Pagani L, Reidla M, Tambets K, Metspalu E, Kriiska A, Willerslev E, Kivisild T, Metspalu M.Curr Biol. 2017 Jul 24;27(14):2185-2193.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.022. Epub 2017 Jul 14. PMID: 28712569.
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The Arrival of Siberian Ancestry Connecting the Eastern Baltic to Uralic Speakers further East.
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East Anglian early Neolithic monument burial linked to contemporary Megaliths.
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Ancient human parallel lineages within North America contributed to a coastal expansion.
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Ancient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods.
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Ancient human genome-wide data from a 3000-year interval in the Caucasus corresponds with eco-geographic regions.
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The Genomic Formation of Human Populations in East Asia.
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A unified genealogy of modern and ancient genomes.
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